Hadith 54
۞
Hadith.3474 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Umar ibn Yazid, who said
I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who wanted to free his slave. The master had been taking an annual payment (tribute) from the slave and was satisfied with this arrangement. Meanwhile, the slave earned wealth from trade, in addition to paying the required tribute to his master.
Abu Abdullah (as), said: "If the slave has paid his master what was required, then whatever he earns after fulfilling this obligation belongs to the slave."
Then Abu Abdullah (as), said: "Has Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, not prescribed obligations upon His servants? Once they fulfill them, He does not ask them about anything beyond those obligations."
I asked: "Can the slave give charity from what he earned and be freed after fulfilling his obligation to his master?"
Imam (as) said: "Yes, and he will be rewarded for it."
I asked: "If the slave frees another slave from what he earned beyond the obligation, to whom does the loyalty (wala) of the freed slave belong?"
Imam (as) said: "He may choose to align himself with whomever he wishes. If the person guarantees his liability and responsibility, then that person becomes his master and inherits from him."
I asked: "Did not the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, say, 'Loyalty (wala) is for the one who emancipates'?"
Imam (as) said: "This case involves a sa'ibah (freed without specific allegiance), and his loyalty cannot belong to another slave like him."
I asked: "If the slave who freed him guarantees his liability and responsibility, does it bind him, and does he then become his master and inherit from him?"
Imam (as) said: "No, that is not permissible. A slave cannot inherit from a free person."
3474 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَمْلُوكاً لَهُ وَ قَدْ كَانَ مَوْلاَهُ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ ضَرِيبَةً فَرَضَهَا عَلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ وَ رَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ اَلْمَوْلَى فَأَصَابَ اَلْمَمْلُوكُ فِي تِجَارَتِهِ مَالاً سِوَى مَا كَانَ يُعْطِي مَوْلاَهُ مِنَ اَلضَّرِيبَةِ فَقَالَ "إِذَا أَدَّى إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ مَا كَانَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ فَمَا اِكْتَسَبَ بَعْدَ اَلْفَرِيضَةِ فَهُوَ لِلْمَمْلُوكِ" قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ فَرَضَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى اَلْعِبَادِ فَرَائِضَ فَإِذَا أَدَّوْهَا إِلَيْهِ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُمْ عَمَّا سِوَاهَا" قُلْتُ لَهُ فَلِلْمَمْلُوكِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ مِمَّا اِكْتَسَبَ وَ يُعْتَقُ بَعْدَ اَلْفَرِيضَةِ اَلَّتِي يُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ قَالَ "نَعَمْ وَ أَجْرُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ" قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكاً مِمَّا كَانَ اِكْتَسَبَ سِوَى اَلْفَرِيضَةِ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ وَلاَءُ اَلْمُعْتَقِ فَقَالَ "يَذْهَبُ فَيَتَوَلَّى إِلَى مَنْ أَحَبَّ فَإِذَا ضَمِنَ جَرِيرَتَهُ وَ عَقْلَهُ كَانَ مَوْلاَهُ وَ وَرِثَهُ" قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "اَلْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ" فَقَالَ "هَذَا سَائِبَةٌ لاَ يَكُونُ وَلاَؤُهُ لِعَبْدٍ مِثْلِهِ" قُلْتُ فَإِنْ ضَمِنَ اَلْعَبْدُ اَلَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ جَرِيرَتَهُ وَ حَدَثَهُ يَلْزَمُهُ ذَلِكَ وَ يَكُونُ مَوْلاَهُ وَ يَرِثُهُ فَقَالَ "لاَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لاَ يَرِثُ عَبْدٌ حُرّاً".
Tags
Slavery/Captives
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