Al-Khiṣāl
Hadith 99310-21 حدثنا أبي رضي الله عنه قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، عن أحمد بن أبي عبد الله البرقي، عن أبيه، عن عبد الله بن الفضل، عمن حدثه، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: عشرة مواضع لايصلى فيها: الطين، والماء، والحمام، ومسان الطريق، وقرى النمل، ومعاطن الابل، ومجرى الماء، والسبخة، والثلج، ووادي ضجنان قال المصنف هذا الكتاب رضي الله عنه: هذه المواضع لايصلى فيها الانسان في حال الاختيار فإذا حصل في الماء والطين واضطر إلى الصلاة فيه فإنه يصلى إيماء ويكون ركوعه أخفض من سجوده، وأما الطريق فإنه لا بأس بأن يصلى على الظواهر التى بين الجواد فأما على الجواد فلا يصلى، واما الحمام فإنه لايصلى فيه على كل حال فأما مسلخ الحمام فلا بأس بالصلاة فيه لانه ليس بحمام، وأما قرى النمل فلا يصلى فيها لانه لايتمكن من الصلاة لكثرة ما يدب عليه من النمل فيؤذيه ويشلغه عن الصلاة، وأما معاطن الابل فلا يصلى فيها إلا إذا خاف على متاعه الضيعة فلا بأس حيئذ بالصلاة فيها وأما مرابض الغنم فلا بأس بالصلاة فيها، وأما مجرى الماء فلا يصلى فيه على كل حال لانه لا يؤمن أن يجري الماء إليه وهو في صلاته، واما السبخة فإنه لايصلى فيها نبي ولا وصي نبي، وأما غيرهما فإنه متى دق مكان سجوده حتى تتمكن الجبهة فيه مستوية في سجوده فلا بأس، وأما الثلج فمتى اضطر الانسان إلى الصلاة عليه فإنه يدق موضع جبهته حتى يستوي عليه في سجوده وأما وادي ضجنان وجميع الاودية فلا تجوز الصلاة فيها لانها مأوى الحيات والشياطين
10-21 My father narrated to us, he said: Saʿd b. ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us; from Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Barqī; from his father; from ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Faḍl; from someone who narrated to him from Abū ʿAbd Allāh (ʿas), he said: "Ten places should not be prayed in: where there is mud, where there is water, in baths, in the middle of the path, among anthills, where camels come to rest, in water courses, in salty land, on snow, and in the Valley of Ḍajnān."
The compiler of this book- may God be pleased with him- comments on this tradition: These are places a person should not pray insofar as they can avoid doing so. In a situation where they are in a place of water or mud and are forced to pray there, they pray by gesturing, with their bowing being lower than their prostration. As for pathways, there is no issue in praying on the sides of the street between the horses, but it is not permissible to pray in the way of traffic. As for baths, it is never permissible to pray inside them, but there is no issue if one prays in the changeroom of a bath because it is not in the bath itself. As for among anthills, it is not possible to pray there due to the many ants which would crawl on the one praying, subsequently disturbing and busying them with something other than prayer. As for where camels come to rest, it is not permissible unless one fears losing their possessions; it would be permissible in that case. There is no issue with praying in a sheep pen. As for the watercourse, it is impermissible to pray in it because one does not know if the water will begin to run while they are praying. As for salty land, no prophet or legatee ever prayed in such land. Anyone else may without issue if they pound flat the place where their forehead will prostrate. As for in snow, when a person is forced to pray on it, then they pound flat the place where their forehead will prostrate. As for the Valley of Ḍajnān and all other valleys, it is not permissible to pray in them, for they are the refuges of snakes and devils.
Notes
The Valley of Ḍajnān is located outside Mecca on the way to Medina. In Ḥadāʾiq al-Nāḍirah, vol. 7, pg. 215-6, Shaykh Yūsuf al-Baḥrānī notes some additional traditions on this cursed valley. In the first, Imām al-Bāqir (ʿas), who has arrived at this valley, says it is among the valleys of Hell. In the latter two, Imām al-Bāqir (ʿas) and Imām al-Ṣādiq (ʿas) encounter the deceased Muʿāwiyah with a chain dragging from his neck in this valley. In the first instance, Muʿāwiyah, after speaking flatteringly to the Imām (ʿas), asks him for forgiveness from God, to which the Imām (ʿas) curses him never to be forgiven. In another instance, he appears to the sixth Imām (ʿas), who is with his father (ʿas) passing through this area, and asks Imām al-Ṣādiq (ʿas) for some water. Imām al-Bāqir (ʿas) stops him and says, "may God never give him water". Suddenly, someone else appears, drags Muʿāwiyah away by his chain, and throws him in the lowest pit of Hell.