Hadith 649
۞
If a woman passes away and leaves behind her husband and both parents, the inheritance is distributed as follows: the husband receives half of the estate, the mother receives one-third in full, and the remaining portion goes to the father, which amounts to one-sixth.
This distribution aligns with the verse of Allah (swt) Almighty: "But if he has no child and his parents inherit from him, then for his mother is one-third" (Surah An-Nisa 4:11).
Allah (swt) granted the mother a complete one-third share when there are no children or siblings.
Al-Fadl explains that this is evident because even those who disagree with this ruling do not assign the mother one-sixth in this scenario. Instead, they claim the mother receives one-third of what remains after the husband's share, which effectively equals one-sixth. They sought to adhere to the wording of the Quran but deviated from its intended ruling, which is misleading and contrary to Allah's (swt) Book.
Similarly, in the inheritance scenario where a woman dies leaving behind her husband and both parents, the husband receives one-fourth, the mother receives one-third, and the remainder goes to the father. Allah (swt) explicitly mentioned in the Quran the shares for the husband and wife but did not specify a portion for the father, indicating that the
father inherits what remains after the specified shares are distributed. This ensures that the father's inheritance comes from what is left after the fixed shares have been allocated.
إِذَا تَرَكَتِ امْرَأَةٌ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ كَامِلًا وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ وَ هُوَ السُّدُسُ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ وَرِثَهُ أَبَواهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَ كَامِلًا إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا إِخْوَةٌ قَالَ الْفَضْلُ وَ مِنَ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهَا الثُّلُثَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا لَمْ يَقُولُوا لَهَا السُّدُسُ فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ إِنَّمَا قَالُوا لِلْأُمِّ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ وَ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ هُوَ السُّدُسُ فَأَحَبُّوا أَنْ لَا يُخَالِفُوا لَفْظَ الْكِتَابِ فَأَثْبَتُوا لَفْظَ الْكِتَابِ وَ خَالَفُوا حُكْمَهُ وَ ذَلِكَ تَمْوِيهٌ وَ خِلَافٌ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ عَلَى كِتَابِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ مِيرَاثُ الْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ الْأَبَوَيْنِ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَدْ سَمَّى فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ فِي الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفَ وَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعَ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ لِلْأَبِ شَيْئاً إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ وَرِثَهُ أَبَواهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ وَ جَعَلَ لِلْأَبِ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَهَابِ السِّهَامِ وَ إِنَّمَا يَرِثُ الْأَبُ مَا يَبْقَى بَعْدَ ذَهَابِ السِّهَامِ.