Hadith 241
۞
Hadith.3383 - It is narrated from Alaa ibn Sayabah who said
I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman who appointed a man as her agent to marry her to a man. The agent accepted the agency, and she testified to that in front of witnesses.
The agent then proceeded and performed the marriage, but afterward, the woman denied the agent's authority and claimed that she had dismissed him from the agency. She produced two witnesses who testified that she had dismissed him.
Imam (as) said: "What do the people around you say about this matter?"
I said: "They say that if she dismissed him before he performed the marriage, then the agency is void and the marriage is invalid. However, if she dismissed him after he had already performed the marriage, then the marriage stands valid based on what the agent agreed upon with her and according to the conditions she specified in the agency, provided he did not exceed what she instructed."
Then Imam (as) said: "Do they dismiss the agent from the agency without informing him of the dismissal?"
I said: "Yes, they claim that if she appointed a man as an agent and testified in public, saying, 'Bear witness that I have dismissed him and revoked his agency,' without informing the agent directly of the dismissal, they annul all the agent's actions in marriage specifically. However, in other matters, they do not invalidate the agency unless the agent is informed of the dismissal. They argue that wealth can be returned to its owner as compensation, but the private parts cannot be compensated if a child results from the union."
Imam (as) said: "Glory be to Allah (swt)! How unjust is this ruling!" Marriage is even more deserving of caution, as it involves intimacy and the potential for offspring. Indeed, when a woman approached Commander of the Faithful (as) seeking justice against her brother, she said: O Commander of the Faithful, I appointed my brother as my agent to marry me to a man, and I testified to that. Then, I immediately dismissed him from the agency. However, he went ahead and married me, and I have witnesses that I dismissed him before the marriage. She presented her witnesses, but the brother said: O Commander of the Faithful, she appointed me as her agent, and she did not inform me that she had dismissed me before I performed the marriage as she instructed.
Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) asked her: What do you say?
She replied: I informed him, O Commander of the Faithful.
Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) then asked her: Do you have evidence for this?
She replied: These are my witnesses who testify.
Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) turned to the witnesses and asked: What do you say?
They said: We testify that she said: 'Bear witness that I have dismissed my brother from acting as my agent to marry me to such-and-such, and that I have control over my affairs before he married me.'
Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) asked: Did she testify to this in his presence and with his knowledge? They replied: No.
Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) then asked: Do you testify that she informed him of the dismissal, just as she had informed him of the agency?
They replied: No.
Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: I find the agency valid and the marriage effective. Where is the husband?
The husband came forward, and the Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: Take her by the hand-may Allah (swt) bless her for you.
The woman said: O Commander of the Faithful, make him swear that I did not inform him of the dismissal and that he did not know of my dismissal before the marriage.
Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: Will you swear?
The brother replied: Yes, O Commander of the Faithful.
He then took the oath, and the Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) upheld his agency and validated the marriage.
3383 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلاَءِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ قَالَ
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ وَكَّلَتْ رَجُلاً بِأَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَقَبِلَ اَلْوَكَالَةَ فَأَشْهَدَتْ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَذَهَبَ اَلْوَكِيلُ فَزَوَّجَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا أَنْكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ اَلْوَكِيلَ وَ زَعَمَتْ أَنَّهَا عَزَلَتْهُ عَنِ اَلْوَكَالَةِ فَأَقَامَتْ شَاهِدَيْنِ أَنَّهَا عَزَلَتْهُ فَقَالَ "مَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ" قَالَ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ يُنْظَرُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَزَلَتْهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ فَالْوَكَالَةُ بَاطِلَةٌ وَ اَلتَّزْوِيجُ بَاطِلٌ وَ إِنْ عَزَلَتْهُ وَ قَدْ زَوَّجَهَا فَالتَّزْوِيجُ ثَابِتٌ عَلَى مَا زَوَّجَ اَلْوَكِيلُ وَ عَلَى مَا اِتَّفَقَ مَعَهَا مِنَ اَلْوَكَالَةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَتَعَدَّ شَيْئاً مِمَّا أَمَرَتْ بِهِ وَ اِشْتَرَطَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي اَلْوَكَالَةِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ "يَعْزِلُونَ اَلْوَكِيلَ عَنْ وَكَالَتِهَا وَ لَمْ تُعْلِمْهُ بِالْعَزْلِ" فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهَا لَوْ وَكَّلَتْ رَجُلاً وَ أَشْهَدَتْ فِي اَلْمَلَإِ وَ قَالَتْ فِي اَلْمَلَإِ اِشْهَدُوا أَنِّي قَدْ عَزَلْتُهُ وَ أَبْطَلْتُ وَكَالَتَهُ بِلاَ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ بِالْعَزْلِ وَ يَنْقُضُونَ جَمِيعَ مَا فَعَلَ اَلْوَكِيلُ فِي اَلنِّكَاحِ خَاصَّةً وَ فِي غَيْرِهِ لاَ يُبْطِلُونَ اَلْوَكَالَةَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ اَلْوَكِيلُ بِالْعَزْلِ وَ يَقُولُونَ اَلْمَالُ مِنْهُ عِوَضٌ لِصَاحِبِهِ وَ اَلْفَرْجُ لَيْسَ مِنْهُ عِوَضٌ إِذَا وَقَعَ مِنْهُ وَلَدٌ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ
"سُبْحَانَ اَللَّهِ مَا أَجْوَرَ هَذَا اَلْحُكْمَ وَ أَفْسَدَهُ إِنَّ اَلنِّكَاحَ أَحْرَى وَ أَحْرَى أَنْ يُحْتَاطَ فِيهِ وَ هُوَ فَرْجٌ وَ مِنْهُ يَكُونُ اَلْوَلَدُ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَتَتْهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ اِسْتَعْدَتْهُ عَلَى أَخِيهَا فَقَالَتْ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَكَّلْتُ أَخِي هَذَا بِأَنْ يُزَوِّجَنِي رَجُلاً وَ أَشْهَدْتُ لَهُ ثُمَّ عَزَلْتُهُ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ تِلْكَ فَذَهَبَ فَزَوَّجَنِي وَ لِي بَيِّنَةٌ أَنِّي عَزَلْتُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَنِي فَأَقَامَتِ اَلْبَيِّنَةَ فَقَالَ اَلْأَخُ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّهَا وَكَّلَتْنِي وَ لَمْ تُعْلِمْنِي أَنَّهَا عَزَلَتْنِي عَنِ اَلْوَكَالَةِ حَتَّى زَوَّجْتُهَا كَمَا أَمَرَتْنِي فَقَالَ لَهَا "مَا تَقُولِينَ" قَالَتْ قَدْ أَعْلَمْتُهُ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ لَهَا "أَ لَكِ بَيِّنَةٌ بِذَلِكِ" فَقَالَتْ هَؤُلاَءِ شُهُودِي يَشْهَدُونَ قَالَ لَهُمْ "مَا تَقُولُونَ" قَالُوا نَشْهَدُ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ اِشْهَدُوا أَنِّي قَدْ عَزَلْتُ أَخِي فُلاَناً عَنِ اَلْوَكَالَةِ بِتَزْوِيجِي فُلاَناً وَ أَنِّي مَالِكَةٌ لِأَمْرِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَنِي فُلاَناً فَقَالَ "أَشْهَدَتْكُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِعِلْمٍ مِنْهُ وَ مَحْضَرٍ" قَالُوا لاَ قَالَ "فَتَشْهَدُونَ أَنَّهَا أَعْلَمَتْهُ اَلْعَزْلَ كَمَا أَعْلَمَتْهُ اَلْوَكَالَةَ" قَالُوا لاَ قَالَ "أَرَى اَلْوَكَالَةَ ثَابِتَةً وَ اَلنِّكَاحَ وَاقِعاً أَيْنَ اَلزَّوْجُ" فَجَاءَ فَقَالَ "خُذْ بِيَدِهَا بَارَكَ اَللَّهُ لَكَ فِيهَا" قَالَتْ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَحْلِفْهُ أَنِّي لَمْ أُعْلِمْهُ اَلْعَزْلَ وَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِعَزْلِي إِيَّاهُ قَبْلَ اَلنِّكَاحِ فَقَالَ "وَ تَحْلِفُ " قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَحَلَفَ وَ أَثْبَتَ وَكَالَتَهُ وَ أَجَازَ اَلنِّكَاحَ".