Al-Tawḥīd

Attributes of Essence and Attributes of Actions

Volume 1 Section 11 19 narrations
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Divine Transcendence 13 Polytheism/Idolatry 6

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Hadith 178
1. Muhammad ibn `Ali Majilwayh (rh) said: `Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Hashim said on the authority Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Tayalisi al-Khazzaz al-Kufi on the authority of Safwan ibn Yahya on the authority of Ibn Muskan on the authority of Abu Basir that Abu 'Abdillah (AS) said
Even in His Essence, and before anything existed, Allah, our Lord, the High and the Mighty, possessed all knowledge. Even in His Essence, and before a sound could be heard, He was All-Hearing. Even in His Essence, when there was nothing to be seen, He was All-Seeing. Even in His Essence, when there was no physical existence, He was Omnipotent. Although they existed prior to creation, it was only creation that these attributes manifested themselves: His Hearing upon the heard, His Seeing upon the seen, and His Omnipotence over the physical world. He says: I asked, “Then, Allah was not a Speaker?” He (AS) replied, “Verily, speech is an originated [muhdathah] attribute and not eternal [azaliyyah]. Allah, the Mighty and High, existed when no speakers existed.”
1 - حدثنا محمد بن علي ماجيلويه رحمه الله، قال: حدثنا علي بن إبراهيم بن هاشم، عن محمد بن خالد الطيالسي الخزاز الكوفي، عن صفوان بن يحيى، عن ابن مسكان، عن أبي بصير قال
سمعت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام يقول: لم يزل الله عز وجل ربنا والعلم ذاته ولا معلوم، والسمع ذاته ولا مسموع، والبصر ذاته ولا مبصر، و القدرة ذاته ولا مقدور، فلما أحدث الأشياء وكان المعلوم وقع العلم منه على المعلوم والسمع على المسموع، والبصر على المبصر، والقدرة على المقدور، قال: قلت: فلم يزل الله متكلما؟ قال: إن الكلام صفة محدثة ليست بأزلية، كان الله عز وجل ولا متكلم .
Tags Polytheism/Idolatry
Hadith 179
2. My father (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Sa`d ibn Abd Allah said: Muhammad ibn `Isa said, on the authority of Isma`il ibn Sahl, on the authority of Hammad ibn `Isa that
I asked Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS): “Does Allah know everything from sempiternity?”He (AS) replied, “What was He to know when there was nothing to be known?” He says, I asked, “Does Allah hear from sempiternity?” He (AS) answered, “Who was He to hear when there was nothing to be heard?” He says, I asked, “Does Allah see from sempiternity?” He (AS) responded, “Who was He to see when there was nothing to be seen?” Then he (AS) said: “Allah has always been AllKnowing, All-Hearing, All-Seeing, sempiternally, and the Possessor of the Knowledge of Hearing and Seeing.”
2 - حدثنا أبي رضي الله عنه، قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، قال: حدثنا محمد بن عيسى، عن إسماعيل بن سهل، عن حماد بن عيسى، قال
سألت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام فقلت: لم يزل الله يعلم؟ قال: أنى يكون يعلم ولا معلوم، قال: قلت: فلم يزل الله يسمع؟ قال: أنى يكون ذلك ولا مسموع، قال: قلت: فلم يزل يبصر؟ قال: أنى يكون ذلك ولا مبصر، قال: ثم قال: لم يزل الله عليما سميعا بصيرا، ذات علامة سميعة بصيرة.
Tags Polytheism/Idolatry
Hadith 180
3. `Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn `Imran al-Daqqaq (RA) said: Muhammad ibn Abu `Abd Allah al-Kufi said, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Isma`il al-Barmaki that al-Fadl ibn Sulayman al-Kufi said, on the authority of al-Husayn ibn al-Khalid saying that Al-Rida `Ali ibn Musa (AS) said
“Allah, the Blessed the Exalted, has always been All-Knowing, All-Powerful, Ever-Living [hay], Ever-Lasting [qadim], All-Hearing, and All-Seeing.” I asked him “O son of the Messenger of Allah! There is a group that says: `Allah has always been All-Knowing with Knowledge, All-Powerful with His Might, Ever-Living with His Life, EverLasting with His Past, All-Hearing with His Hearing, and All-Seeing with His Sight.” Thus, he (AS) replied, “Verily, whoever says this and believes in it is a polytheist. He is not under our Guardianship at all.” He then added, “Allah, the Mighty and High, has always been AllKnowing, All-Powerful, Ever-Living, Ever-Lasting, All-Hearing, and all-Seeing by His Essence. Exalted is He, the Elevated, the Great, from what the polytheists and anthropomorphists say.”
3 - حدثنا علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن عمران الدقاق رحمه الله، قال: حدثنا محمد بن أبي عبد الله الكوفي، عن محمد بن إسماعيل البرمكي، قال: حدثنا الفضل بن سليمان الكوفي، عن الحسين بن الخالد، قال
سمعت الرضا علي بن موسى عليهما السلام، يقول: لم يزل الله تبارك وتعالى عليما قادرا حيا قديما سميعا بصيرا، فقلت له: يا ابن رسول الله إن قوما يقولون: إنه عز وجل لم يزل عالما بعلم، وقادرا بقدرة، وحيا بحياة، وقديما بقدم، وسميعا بسمع، وبصيرا ببصر فقال عليه السلام: من قال ذلك ودان به فقد اتخذ مع الله آلهة أخرى، وليس من ولايتنا على شئ، ثم قال عليه السلام: لم يزل الله عز وجل عليما قادر حيا قديما سميعا بصيرا لذاته، تعالى عما يقول المشركون والمشبهون علوا كبيرا.
Tags Polytheism/Idolatry
Hadith 181
4. Ahmad ibn Ziyad ibn Ja`far al-Hamdani (RA) said: `Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Hashim said, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Abu `Umayr, on the authority of Harun ibn `Abd al-Malik that Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS) was asked about Divine Unity; thus, he said
He, the Mighty and High, is undoubtedly Existent. He is not vain or numerable, nor can He be described on the basis of the attributes of creation. He, the Mighty an High, possesses Qualities [nu`ut] and Attributes [sifat]. There are Attributes which apply to Him which can also be applied to the created such a hearing [sami`], seeing [basir], affectionate [ra`ur], merciful [Rahim], and their likes. Whereas the Qualities are qualities of Essence; they do not befit anyone but Allah, the Blessed and Exalted. Allah is Light as there is no darkness in Him. He is Ever-Living as there is no death for Him. He is All-Knowing as there is no ignorance in Him. He is Needless [Samad] as there is no need in Him. Our Lord is Light by Essence, Ever-Living by Essence, All-Knowing by Essence, and Needless by Essence.
4 - حدثنا أحمد بن زياد بن جعفر الهمداني رضي الله عنه، قال: حدثنا علي بن إبراهيم بن هاشم، عن أبيه، عن محمد بن أبي عمير، عن هارون بن عبد الملك، قال
سئل أبو عبد الله عليه السلام عن التوحيد، فقال: هو عز وجل مثبت موجود، لا مبطل ولا معدود، ولا في شئ من صفة المخلوقين، وله عز وجل نعوت وصفات، فالصفات له، وأسماؤها جارية على المخلوقين مثل السميع والبصير والرؤوف والرحيم وأشباه ذلك، والنعوت نعوت الذات لا تليق إلا بالله تبارك وتعالى، والله نور لا ظلام فيه، وحي لا موت له، وعالم لا جهل فيه، وصمد لا مدخل فيه، ربنا نوري الذات حي الذات، عالم الذات، صمدي الذات.
Tags Polytheism/Idolatry
Hadith 182
5. Muhammad ibn `Ali Majilwayh (RA) said: My paternal uncle Muhammad ibn Abu al-Qasim related to me, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Abu `Abd Allah al Barqi, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ahmad ibn al-Nadr al-Khazzaz, on the authority of `Amr ibn Shimr, on the authority of Jabir that Abu Ja`far al-Baqir (AS) said
Verily, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, was there when there was nothing but Him. He was Light as there was no darkness in Him. He was the Truth as there was no falsehood in Him. He was Omniscient as there was no ignorance in Him. He was the EverLiving as there was no death in Him. And that is how He is today, and that is how He will remain forever.
5 - حدثنا محمد بن علي ماجيلويه رحمه الله، قال: حدثني عمي محمد بن أبي القاسم، عن أحمد بن أبي عبد الله البرقي، عن أبيه، عن أحمد بن النضر الخزاز، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر، عن أبي جعفر عليه السلام، قال
إن الله تبارك وتعالى كان ولا شئ غيره، نورا لا ظلام فيه وصادقا لا كذب فيه وعالما لا جهل فيه، وحيا لا موت فيه، وكذلك هو اليوم، وكذلك لا يزال أبدا.
Tags Polytheism/Idolatry
Hadith 183
6. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid (RA) said: Muhammad ibn Yahya al-`Attar said: al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan ibn Aban said, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Auramah that Yahya ibn Yahya said on the authority of `Abd Allah ibn al-Samit, on the authority of `Abd al-A`la that Al-`Abd al-Salih Musa ibn Ja`far (AS) said
Verily, Allah, there is no god but He, is Ever-living, but not in terms of quality or place. He is not in thing or on anything. He has not created for His Position any space. He is not strengthened through creation. Nothing that he has created is like Him. He was not powerless over things before their creation, not will He be powerless over them after they have gone. He, the Mighty and High, is the Ever-Living god without accidental existence. He is the Sovereign before creating something and He is its Master after creating it. Allah does not have any limits. He is not recognized by a thing that may be His like. He is not subject to aging. He does not raise His Voice to invoke anything, and with His Fear all things become stunned. Allah is Ever-Living, and not the product of accidental existence or a depicted existence. He neither has a restricted quality, nor a still space, but He is Ever-Living by Himself and the Master who is Eternally Omnipotent. He created what He willed when He willed, with His Will and Power. He is the First without any quality, and the Last without any space. Everything is perishable but He (His face). His is the creation and the command; blessed is the Lord of the worlds.
6 - حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد رحمه الله، قال: حدثنا محمد بن يحيى العطار، قال: حدثنا الحسين بن الحسن بن أبان، عن محمد بن أورمة، قال: حدثنا يحيى بن يحيى عن عبد الله بن الصامت، عن عبد الأعلى، عن العبد الصالح موسى بن جعفر عليهما السلام، قال
إن الله - لا إله إلا هو - كان حيا بلا كيف ولا أين، ولا كان في شئ، ولا كان على شئ، ولا ابتدع لمكانه مكانا ولا قوي بعد ما كون الأشياء، ولا يشبهه شئ يكون، ولا كان خلوا من القدرة على الملك قبل إنشائه، ولا يكون خلوا من القدرة بعد ذهابه، كان عز وجل إلها حيا بلا حياة حادثة، ملكا قبل أن ينشئ شيئا ومالكا بعد إنشائه، وليس لله حد، ولا يعرف بشئ يشبهه، ولا يهرم للبقاء، ولا يصعق لدعوة شئ ولخوفه تصعق الأشياء كلها، وكان الله حيا بلا حياة حادثة ولا كون موصوف، ولا كيف محدود ولا أين موقوف ولا مكان ساكن بل حي لنفسه، ومالك لم يزل له القدرة، أنشأ ما شاء حين شاء بمشيته و قدرته، كان أولا بلا كيف، ويكون آخرا بلا أين وكل شئ هالك إلا وجهه، له الخلق والأمر تبارك رب العالمين.
Tags Polytheism/Idolatry